Matthews, David
- JĀVID-NĀMA
JĀVID-NĀMA (Pers. Jāved-nāma), title of a Persian maṯnawi by Muhammad Iqbal (q.v.); it is often rendered into English as “The…
- URDU
URDU, the national language (qaumī zabān) of Pakistan and one of the fifteen officially recognized languages of India. It is…
- PAYĀM-E MAŠREQ
PAYĀM-E MAŠREQ, title of a collection of Persian verse, by Muhammad Iqbal. Iqbal begins his Urdu preface to the work…