ATKINSON, Dr. James A. (1780­-1852), a notable British orientalist, a scholar of the Persian language and literature, and the translator…

FARZĀD, MASʿŪD, Persian litterateur and poet (b. Sanandaj, 1285 Š./1906; d. London, 26 September 1981; Figure 1). He studied at…

FARROḴĪ YAZDĪ, MOḤAMMAD, (1889-1939), journalist and poet and an early advocate of socialist revolution in Persia. Farroḵī was born in…

ʿEŠQĪ, MOḤAMMAD-REŻĀ MĪRZĀDA (b. 12 Jomādā II 1312/11 December 1894; killed 12 Tīr 1303 Š./3 July 1923, Figure 1), poet…

EBN YAMĪN, AMĪR FAḴR-AL-DĪN MAḤMŪD b. Amir Yamīn-al-Dīn Ṭoḡrāʾī, a poet of the 8th/14th century. He was born in 685/1286-87…

CHAMPION, JOSEPH, ESQ. (b. London? ca. 1750, d. London? ca. 1813), English poet and translator of selections from the Šāh-nāma…

CENSORSHIP (sānsūr) in Persia. Censorship has been exercised in most societies, including Persia, by the religious establishment, by the political…

GOLČIN GILĀNI, pen name of the poet MAJD-AL-DIN MIR-FAḴRĀʾI (b. Rašt, 11 Dey 1288 Š./1 January 1910; d. London, 29…

FREE VERSE in Persian Poetry. The term šeʿr-e āzād, Persian for the French vers libre and English free verse, entered…